How Racism Affects Development

It is critical that we follow a child's racial concept, from preschool years to at least middle adolescence to become aware of the major changes in the child's awareness. Data suggests that a sophisticated concept of race, in multifaceted manifestation, is not realized until adolescence.

"The reality of races as biological entities....is to be found in the human conviction that they exist...They are real because people believe they are..."(Williams and Moreland, 1976) I use this quote because I find the entire topic of race unfounded. We are all of the "human race", and that is really the only "race" I acknowledge. We are of many ethnicities, but only one race. How unfortunate children are forced by society to learn racism.

There are cultural stereotypes that children struggle with daily to overcome. Let's look at Trayvon Martin who was just assassinated in Sanford, Florida by a neighborhood watch captain who says he was only defending himself against a black teenager wearing a hoodie and NOT carrying a weapon while he was!

Comparisons are often made about self-esteem and the self-concept of ability. We are presently engaged in a struggle over the control of the minds(and the future) of our children.

References:
Allen, W.R., Brookins, G.K., Spencer, M.B., The Beginnings of Social and Affective Development of Children, 1985, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Hillsdale, N.Y.

Williams, A., and Moreland, R.L., Modification of children's racial attitude, Developmental Psychology, Volume 14 (5), Sept. 1976, 447-461.doi , Retrieved March 23, 2012 from the World Wide Web: http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/dev/14/5/447

South African children face serious threats to health and development as a consequence of poverty, racism, violence and residual social inequality. There are contrasting conditions of hope and peril. "Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate, Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us. We ask ourselves, who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented, and fabulous? (Barbarin, Richter, 2001) That is the contrast. Children in South Africa today know what they are told growing up is sometimes directly the opposite of what they are seeing.

There are two nations in South Africa. One black, one white. The second nation is black and poor and lives under conditions of a grossly underdeveloped economy. Given this gap, the challenge to equalize things for children is great. It is consistently the black children who struggle. They are poor, malnourished, in need of health care, with little or no access to child care or preschool. More than 2/3 of the 6th graders in South Africa perform below the level expected of them. Only 12 percent scored "achieved" or "outstanding". Only four of 100 are reading at grade level. (Barbarin, Richter, 2001) Children are often "stunted" because they lack good dietary habits. They are seldom given protein, dairy products or eggs.

Reference:
Barbarin, O.A., Richter, L. M., (2001), Mandela's Children: growing up in post-apartheid South Africa, Psychology Press, Routledge, NewYork and London.